Dr. Langs will present clinical and theoretical evidence for two distinctive paradigms of psychoanalysis. Both were developed by Sigmund Freud who renounced his trauma-centered position in favor of one that focused on inner needs. Differences between the two approaches will be stressed as they pertain to clinical understanding and practice, as well as to the links between psychoanalysis, biology, and human history. The biographical underpinnings of the thinking of both Freud and the presenter will be considered: Freud traveled from death to sex, while the presenter traveled in the opposite direction.